编者：T客汇 杨丽
核心提示：当CIO们忙着扩大公司信息技术的影响力，利用数字化带来的红利提供服务时，他们仍需要确保IT运营的卓越性。
在Gartner Symposium/ITxpo 会上，Gartner 分析师 David Cappuccio表示，尽管IT技术的应用范围更为广泛，但也必须保持优秀的IT运营能力。否则，IT运营能力的下滑，后果将会非常严重，特别是当客户非常依赖数字化的今天。
例如，他提到，如果失去一位客户，那么想要再将客户赢回，那么几乎要花四倍的价钱。如果IT运营能力不够优秀的话，那么客户基本留不住。
但是，如果能利用如今的工具和最好的实施办法，甚至都不拥有自己的基础设施，顶尖的IT细分部门将会比之前更好的运营自己的技术架构。“如果能正确运用，那么你可以集中管控，分配并自动化管理。”
Cappuccio指出，未来影响IT运营的十大技术趋势主要分布在三个领域：战略，技术，组织。如下：
1.Disappearing data centers
It’s no secret that organizations are now equally as infatuated with the cloud as they were once wary of it. It’s important to remember that “even those these workloads are moving, we in IT are still responsible for them,” said Cappuccio. So IT has to get really smart about what to put in the cloud and where, and always think of the downstream effects on things such as storage and bandwidth.
1、数据中心正在消失
此前，IT部门对云计算忧心忡忡，如今他们同样也被云计算带来的红利冲昏了头脑。“就算有大量工作流程正在迁移，但IT技术的重要性仍然不可磨灭，”Cappuccio提到。因此，IT部门必须要明确认识到：哪些数据迁至云端，上了云又迁到哪个位置，并且还要时刻考虑存储和带宽等问题的下游影响。
2.Interconnect fabrics
With more services and applications being connected to different clouds and vendors as well back to internal systems, IT needs to orchestrate the ways they all interconnect in a purposeful manner. They ultimately want “services delivered from the right place, for the right price, from the right platform.”
2、互联结构
随着越来越多的服务和应用开始连接到不同的云和供应商内部系统，IT技术需要有目的性地针对互联方式进行编排。IT技术的使用者最终希望“从正确的地方，以正确的价格，在正确的平台上提供服务”。
3. Containers, microservices, and application streams
Containers represent the new technology to embody agile development and deliver applications in faster and more modular ways. “It makes IT a much more dynamic entity.”
3、容器、微服务和应用程序流
容器代表着以更快的速度，更具模块化的方式，实现灵敏开发，并交付应用程序的新技术。这使得IT技术成为一个更为动态的实体。
4.Business-driven IT
“At least 29% of IT spend is outside the IT organization.” That’s because IT and its processes are too slow and cumbersome, so business units just outsource it themselves. IT needs to reset the playing field, not to get more control but to get more involved.
4、商业驱动IT
“至少有29%的IT预算并没有用在IT部门。”这是因为IT技术及运行过程太慢太繁琐，因此业务部门常常将技术外包。需要将IT技术重新作出规划，提升技术的参与度而非控制力。
5.Data Center as a Service
Cappuccio’s message here was that “it’s about the application, not the infrastructure” and “it’s not about ‘my data center’—it’s about delivering compute resources to the business, the best way possible.”
5、数据中心即服务
Cappuccio还提到，“数据中心即服务与应用平台相关，而非基础架构。不要认为这是‘我的’数据中心，而是要认为为业务提供计算资源。这或许是最好的方式。”
6.Stranded capacity
Sysadmins have one primary metric: if it’s red, fix it, and if it’s green, leave it alone. The problem with that is that lots of green things take up resources and cost money even after they no longer serve a purpose. That’s how we end up with ghost servers and VM creep. It has to apply discipline to this in order to manage costs.
6、能力搁浅
Sysadmin（系统管理程序）有一个主要指标：如果是红色，就进行修改。如果是绿色，就不用管了。不过，问题在于，这些大量的绿色指标占用资源，甚至在他们不再为目的服务后也十分费钱。因此，数据服务中线附近的近28%的物理服务器是幽灵服务器或僵尸服务器。因此，必须通过制度来管理成本。
7.Impact of the IoT
IoT projects and deployments are popping up everywhere from business units chasing new business value. However, they are creating a tremendous amount of complexity, vendor lock-in, and integration challenges. The relative immaturity of IoT also makes it a bit difficult for IT to get its arms around it.
7、物联网技术的影响
从业务部门到追逐新的业务价值，物联网项目及部署随处可见。但这也同时带来了复杂性、被供应商绑定、以及集成上的众多挑战。相对来说，物联网并不十分成熟，使得IT技术也不能很好发挥出物联网的作用。
8.Remote device (thing) management
For Cappuccio, the lack of an industry standard IoT software platform means that IT will be called on to integrate IoT products and deployments. “At some point, IT is going to have to support these things.” For that reason, IT needs to think about architecting a solution for when the organization moves to an enterprise-wide IoT strategy. It’s bound to happen as IoT matures and proliferates, and if IT doesn’t act then the organizations could end up with dozens of incompatible systems.
8、远程设备管理
由于IOT软件平台缺乏行业标准，这意味着IT技术需要集成在IOT产品和部署中。“在某种程度上，IT技术也不得不支持这些事情。因此，当IT部门转向企业级IOT战略部署时，IT技术需要构建相应的解决方案。随着IOT的不断成熟和发展，这种情况必然会发生。如果IT技术没有得到相应的升级，那么IT部门最终会遇到几十个不兼容系统的麻烦。”
9.Micro and edge computing environments
With today’s enterprises pushing massive amounts of data to many different clouds and backend systems, performance can become an issue. This can become especially problematic when uber-fast, real-time data analysis or machine learning is in play. That’s why smart IT departments are architecting new networks that can push processing out to the “edge” of the network.
9、微型和边缘计算环境
随着当今企业将大量数据传输到不同的云平台和后端系统，性能则成为需要迈过的一道坎儿。尤其是在快速迭代、实时更新的数据分析或机器学习发挥作用时，这个问题尤为明显。这就是为什么聪明的IT部门正在构建新的网络，可以将网络计算过程“边缘化”。
10.New roles in IT
With all of these tectonic plates shifting, it creates the demand for different types of job roles that IT hasn’t had in the past. The slide below shows the six that Cappuccio has flagged. He stressed that IoT Architect is one that Gartner is pushing and Strategy Architect is one who plans out API-powered ecosystems (like the ones mentioned in Sondergaard’s keynote).
10、IT技术新角色
现在，所有以上内部结构的转移，产生了不同IT岗位角色的需求。他强调，物联网架构师（Gartner Architect）是Gartner正强调的一个岗位，而战略架构师（Strategy Architect）的任务正是为了建立API接口驱动的生态系统。
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